Intervenante : Pauline Rossi (professeur à l'Ecole Polytechnique-CREST & chercheuse affiliée au CEPR (The Centre for Economic Policy Research) ; discutante : Heini Vaïsänen (chercheuse Ined, UR14, maîtresse de conférence à l'université de Southampon)
We conducted a study among 14,545 households in rural Burkina Faso to test the oft-cited hypothesis that limited access to contraception is an important driver of high fertility rates in West Africa. We do not find support for this hypothesis. Women in communities randomly assigned to have free access to medical contraception for three years did not have lower birth rates; we can reject even modest effects. We cross-randomized additional interventions to correct possible inefficiencies leading to high demand for children, specifically misperceptions about the child mortality rate, limited exposure to opposing views about fertility and contraception, and social pressure. Free contraception did not reduce fertility even in combination with these other interventions. Our results suggest that policies aimed at reducing fertility through family planning interventions may have limited impact in these contexts since high fertility rates are driven by other factors.
